About This Book

This book is organized according to the three goals of using color. It will help with many of the details in your design work.

Preface

We are all influenced by colors in our daily lives, and we can certainly say that colors enrich our lives. Those who enjoy colors are free to choose them based on their own personal sense. However, those who provide designs to a target audience really must have knowledge of colors themselves, as well as the ability to create color schemes.

I am often asked the simplest of questions, “How should I use color?” Or even more specifically, “I want to use blue, but how should I approach the process?

I rarely start from a color and then move into the design stage. That being said, I often find that I have to use certain colors that are prescribed by a client.

In order to solve this problem, I put together this book. I thought it would be a great help to my work, and to that of others, if we had a collection of color swatches to choose from in a sort of dictionary format.

Just to be clear, there is no “right” answer when it comes to color combinations. It is all about how effective they are. If there is too much ambiguity or too much reliance on the senses, the scheme will not be very reliable. That is why we need to have as much scientific evidence as possible for our chosen color combinations.

I always wanted to create a collection of samples that showed how to achieve certain effects. I also wanted to include ways to handle gold, silver, and neon colors. I really hope it will help you with your work.

Toolbox

1. Relationship Between Color and Image

For color schemes, the first thing to do is to decide on what kind of image or pattern we want to create. Our goal, of course, is to create images that make our customers happy.

In reality, however, this is a very difficult task. The trouble with color comes from the fact that we have to decide on exactly which colors to use and what type of image or pattern to create. For digital colorization, the color image actually forms the core of the scheme itself. And, if you understand the relationship between color and image, you will know which colors to use when creating very specific types of images.

Color Image Chart

2. Relationship Between Color and Physiology

One characteristic of digital color is that it is not perceived by the senses. Rather, its physiological effects are accessed through the color scheme. For example, red stimulates the secretion of adrenaline in the brain, which can make people feel excited and uplifted. It is this effect that aids us in deciding on colors.

To be honest, the relationship between color and physiology has yet to be fully explored. On the other hand, it is clear that there is a relationship between these two things, and it is better to make use of that relationship, even if only a little, to achieve desired effects.

Stimuli from all five senses are gathered in the hypothalamus, the area of the brain where hormones are secreted in response to physiological stimulation. I actually recommend that you consider color to be part of the brain’s physiology whenever possible.

Color and Physiology Chart

Toolbox

3. Color Index

In order to create a color scheme, the original colors must be available. At Digital Color, we use a “color index”. This is our main source for creating color image charts. The main function of the color index is that it groups colors from each hue for every image. For instance, “pure color image” means using pure colors, but it also refers to a group of images that is pure and selfish, but that also possesses a strong sense of self-assertion.

** Throughout this book the number listed below each color is the color index number and can be cross-referenced here. Also the CMYK and RGB color formulas are indicated here below each color number.

Toolbox

4. Color Contrast Charts

Contrast strength changes the level of impact.

Contrast with adjacent colors enhances the color’s effect.

Check these charts for contrast characteristics.

Bright with low contrast

Just woke up image (sleepy • gentle)

Impression: Weak

Dark contrast

Static image (heavy • calming)

Impression: Weak

Low contrast due to saturation

Unified image (beautiful • monotonous)

Impression: Moderate

High contrast due to color saturation

Simple feel (sophistication • depth)

Impression: Somewhat Weak

Low contrast based on luminosity

Image with three-dimensional effect (transparency • shading)

Impression: Weak

High contrast based on luminosity

Radiant image (stimulation)

Impression: Strong

Low contrast based on hue

Colorful image (cheerful • active)

Impression: Moderate

High contrast due to hue

Carnival-like image (excitement • activity)

Impression: Strong

High contrast due to achromatic colors

Stimulating images (emphasis • prominence)

Impression: Strong

High contrast between achromatic and chromatic colors

Youthful image (dynamism • cleanliness)

Impression: Strong

Chapter 1

How to Use Warm Colors

There are three different groups of colors that differ in the way they “feel.” They are categorized as: warm, cool, and intermediate. However, these categories are not so much absolutes as they are a matter of convenience. Warm colors are those that have the power to move people and, as a group, tend to be actively moving forward.

Red     01

History • Meaning • Red in Everyday Life

How to Use Red

Red is very attractive and is obviously one of the most noticeable colors. As such it is often used to grab everyone’s attention. Still, it should be noted that red is an “advancing” color that is surprisingly difficult to manipulate. On the other hand, it is one of the first colors to be loved by humankind.

Characteristics

Red has the longest wavelength of all the colors and is visible at a distance under any circumstance. It makes a very strong statement, so be careful which neighboring colors you choose when using it in combination.

History

Since red stands out more than any other color, it was immediately considered to have mystical powers and was developed as a color to be offered to the gods.

Meanings

The original meaning of red in Japanese was, “a bright color.” It was thought of as the color that would “brighten” people’s hearts.

Red as a Color of Preference

Red is liked the world over and is found everywhere. In addition, red colored items sell quite well the world over.

How it’s Made

Red has classically been made from inorganic compounds (ferric oxide), plants (safflower), and the mineral cinnabar. Red cinnabar is actually made from mercury sulfide, the most common form of mercury found in nature.

Red Used in Everyday Life

Red     02

Red Color Group

Since red is such a prominent color it follows that it has many “friends.” With vermilion taking the lead, we find members of the red family such as dark crimson, pink, brown, and even dark brown competing to appropriate the wonderful properties of red itself.

Physiological Stimulus

Red can cause adrenaline to flow into the body, creating excitement and, in turn, lifting one’s spirit, or it can be a warning indicating danger.

Color Palettes Using Red

[Carnival]

A gorgeous and dynamic scheme that uses highly saturated colors.

[Sporty]

The most energetic of the palettes. It has great movement.

[Impulse]

It is like an explosive energy that strikes straight to the core of your being.

[Bustling]

Creates a festive party atmosphere.

[Avant-garde]

This palette is inspired by abstract painting.

[Hot]

Of course it is related to taste, but it is also about being rigorous!

[Wild]

The image here is “wild,” but not forceful.

[Deluxe]

Gives the impression that everything is top-notch.

Red     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Among chromatic colors, red is the most attractive and therefore really grabs people’s attention. The wonderful ability of red to cheer people up is employed quite often. That being said, it is important to be cautious when using red as the main color because it stands out so much.

Red     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

The term “tonal colors” refers to color schemes where the difference in hue is fairly minor. Tonal differences are narrow so there is a certain sense of unity to these colors, which accentuates their beauty. The key is to avoid monotony.

Red     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Red itself is quite flashy and will therefore always stand out more than most other colors. So, in order for red to help these other colors project, we need to be aware of surface area ratios. Also, colors that are too close to red will be overwhelmed, so choosing a color scheme that is complementary will be more effective.

Red     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Color combinations using green, which is complementary to red, tend to be very lively but they lack impact. That is where accent colors come in. They revitalize the image!

Red     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Repeating the same shape and same color creates a sort of “rhythm.” This rhythm produces a sense of excitement and movement in the viewer. Red can easily create this effect to make any type of pattern or image livelier.

Red     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

If you use red as-is, it creates a more active image. However, if you want to use red to express a certain gentleness, it is important to borrow the power of the “combined color image.” Even so, the resultant tenderness will be powerful.

Red     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

Using red, an expanding color, can produce strong impressions across the entire image or pattern. But, in order to avoid having the red jump out too much it should be used sparingly and scattered about.

Red     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Originally red was a color that was indispensable to Japanese style. Color schemes that have an old-fashioned or stately feel bring you closer to true Japanese style. In addition, combinations with black are very chic.

Red-violet     01

History • Meaning • Red-violet in Everyday Life

How to Use Red-violet

Red-violet is a color that does not actually exist within the spectrum. In other words, it is a secondary color that differs fundamentally from the primary (or pure) color. In nature, it is a color found mostly in flowers, and loved by many. Specifically, as a secondary color such as pink – which is produced by mixing in some white – red-violet is used in a great many items.

Characteristics

It is said that red-violet is the most feminine of colors. One thing to note is that red-violet becomes even more lovely when combined with white.

History

In ancient times red-violet was created by combining Akane (Rubiaceae, aka Madder) and Shikon (Lithospermum root) with vinegar and camellia ashes. It was heavily favored by Heian Period (794 – 1185) aristocracy and is representative of medieval dynastic culture.

Meanings

Red-violet is between its companion colors red and purple and was introduced to Japan from China. Depending on the era it was referred to variously as “light purple” or “dark red.”

Pretty Color

Really bright red-violet actually becomes pinkish and can effectively express a certain cuteness.

How it’s Made

In Japan, it was extracted from plants such as Akane and Shikon and used as a dye. Of course, the color change is based on which specific plants were used.

Red-violet in Everyday Life

Red-violet     02

Red-violet Color Group

When we say “red-violet companion” it is almost always pink that dominates the imagination. But we must not forget that the range of traditional Japanese colors is fairly wide, extending from light to dark.

Physiological Stimulus

Like pink, red-violet can have the effect of accentuating beauty.

Color Palettes Using Red-violet

[Erotic]

More physical than sexy.

[Brilliant]

A colorful, radiant image.

[Gorgeous]

High quality products

[Violent]

Rough and sprightly movement. Used in rhythmic color schemes.

[Mellow]

Proficient skill level. Like a fruit that has ripened.

[Adventure]

Visually unexpected. Possessing a mild mystique.

[Womanly]

Traditionally feminine.

[Cute]

Lively cuteness. Also possesses a certain agility.

Red-violet     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Red-violet combines the lively nature of red with the profundity of violet. It is suitable for creating images that are elegant, cute, and stylish.

Red-violet     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Red and purple have a similar color relationship with red-violet in that, when used in red-violet color combinations, they produce a beautiful, feminine effect. When red-violet is used as pink it produces a really pretty effect.

Red-violet     05

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Can be used as an accent color when the entire image is yellow-green or green. When the entire image is rather dark, bright pink can be used to activate it.

Red-violet     06

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Red-violet is a traditional Japanese color that has been popular forever. To produce a true Japanese feel it is best to combine it with calm colors rather than highly saturated colors.

Orange     01

History • Meaning • Orange in Everyday Life

How to Use Orange

Orange is found between red and yellow, but has its own unique color effects. In color schemes with warm colors, it has a sporty warmth.

Characteristics

When the passion of red is combined with the brightness of yellow, a healthy stimulating color is created. The darker the orange, the more brown it becomes. The effect of color combinations with achromatic colors is also significant. Orange creates an energetic color scheme.

History

Around the century, Japanese society became particularly conscious of the sun. As such normal Japanese subjects were forbidden from wearing orange, it was termed a kinjiki (forbidden color).

Meanings

The color name originated with the fruit that was brought over from China. It was said to be “generational” because the trees bore fruit for many years.

Pretty Color

When we hear “orange” we think Halloween. As Halloween approaches orange fills our towns and cities.

How it’s Made

The cores of the Sumac tree and Sappan wood are used for making orange dye. More recently onion skin and saffron are used.

Orange used in Everyday Life

Orange     02

Orange Color Group

Despite the fact that orange’s companions range from red and yellow-orange there are many variations. Scarlet and vermilion are also companions.

Physiological Stimulus

It stimulates healthy feelings and can increase appetite.

Color Palettes Using Orange

[Intimate]

The image is of warm hearts touching. There is a sense of trust.

[Active]

Sporty, refers to the whole active sphere.

[Intense]

Bursting impact. A hot punch.

[Delicious]

The deeper the color the richer the feel.

[Sturdy]

Creates a dependent and energetic image.

[African]

Lively African-influenced colors.

[Tender]

Sweet, not rigid.

[Crazy]

High tension. Almost a zany feel.

Orange     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

When using orange as the main color, try to avoid using red and red-violet in the surrounding area. The eye is drawn to the red or red-violet and this will prevent the orange from coming through.

Orange     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Orange’s sense of unity comes from a color scheme based on similar colors. In this case, a small amount of black, gray, or white can be used. White in particular produces a lively impression.

Orange     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Orange is not as attractive as red, but it does pop. It is best to reduce the amount of orange used when other colors are taking front stage. Distributing orange around the other color can also be effective.

Orange     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Orange is effective as an accent color when the color palette is blue or muted. It also works well in color combinations with little contrast.

Orange     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Repeatedly employing small amounts of orange creates a rhythm and using similar shapes enhances that sensation. In fact, the rhythm of the orange is similar to the breath of life.

Orange     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

One characteristic of orange is that it is more energetic than gentle, so on its own it is not enough to create a gentle atmosphere. It is important to combine it with a colors that express gentleness.

Orange     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

The impact of a flat visual plane is important because it gives off a strong impression. The impact added by orange is felt most when the entire visual plane has low contrast or uses discrete colors.

Orange     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Orange has been cherished since ancient times, and there are a range of traditional oranges. Many fruits are also orange. It is a frequently used color in Japanese-style scenes.

Yellow     01

History • Meaning • Yellow in Everyday Life

How to Use Yellow

Yellow is so bright that it stands out, even from a distance. It is important to create patterns or images that make good use of the brightness of yellow as their essence, all the while keeping that essence in check.

Characteristics

It is the brightest of the chromatic colors, but it loses out to the attractiveness of red. When surrounded by dark colors, it stands out more than any other color.

History

The history of yellow is extremely complex. While considered very noble to some, there were also other cultures that considered it vulgar.

Meanings

In Yin Yang and Five Elements theory, yellow is at the center and means earth. Interestingly, the yellow of a chick can also mean “child.”

Essence

Yellow is a color that brings out laughter in people. This is also the reason why yellow was used for the smiley face.

How it’s Made

Turmeric can be used to make a natural yellow dye. There are also many kinds of yellow made from ores and chemical reactions.

Yellow Used in Daily Life

Yellow     02

Yellow Color Group

In the past, yellow was made through dyeing. There were many raw materials for yellow – including turmeric, amur cork tree, and gardenia – and thus many different yellows.

Physiological Stimulus

Yellow can affect our feelings of sadness and suffering lessening unhappiness, so laughter can occur naturally.

Color Palettes Using Yellow

[Peaceful]

Smiles of serenity and calm.

[Comical]

An atmosphere that causes people to laugh.

[Pleasant]

A fun scheme, like hearing laughter.

[Bustling]

Like the atmosphere of a bustling festival.

[Clement]

A slow, relaxed state.

[Optimistic]

Bright and ready for the future.

[Joy]

Joy expressed through cheerfulness.

[Sour]

The sourness experienced by taste buds. Contrast and sharpness.

Yellow     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Yellow is quite bright and can easily disrupt the harmony of an image or a pattern. When yellow is the main color, use a color that suppresses its prominence. If too intense, combining it with achromatic color is also effective.

Yellow     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

This combination uses colors similar to yellow. It is generally a bright color scheme, but it can be tasteful when used with a darker, more subdued color palette also. It is also possible to use colors adjacent yellow-green.

Yellow     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

By nature, yellow has high brightness and is at the center of the spectrum. So, it almost never plays a supporting role. It can however be used as an assisting color, just use small amounts or lower the brightness a bit.

Yellow     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

If the scene or pattern is blue-violet or dark, using yellow as an accent will invigorate the entire image. Blue-violet is associated with the aristocracy, but bright colors can be added as accent colors.

Yellow     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Yellow itself conveys images of clarity and vivacity. The effect of repeating it can add to its dynamism. The rhythm here is not musical, it is more like a laughing voice.

Yellow     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

Yellow is basically a gentle color because it can have the effect of easing sorrow and suffering. However, because of its cheerfulness, it is works best when combined with gentle colors to produce that effect.

Yellow     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

Yellow shocks people with its brightness. Combined with dark colors it creates impact. The effect of yellow is light and stimulating, unlike that of red and other colors.

Yellow     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

In Japan, yellow was associated with laughter from early on. Edo Period (1603 – 1868) kibyoushi, a genre of picture book, is an example of this. Yellow is used to create cheerful patterns as well. It also combines well with highly saturated colors.

Yellow-orange     01

History • Meaning • Yellow-orange in Everyday Life

How to Use Yellow-orange

Yellow-orange was used in luxurious color combinations due to its vivid coloration. Yellow-orange is even more beautiful with green, but it also goes well with dull warm colors.

Characteristics

The color of the sun, which gives people warmth and hope for life. Placing yellow-orange furniture in a room will give it warmth. In color combinations with darker colors, it brings a glow to the pattern.

History

It appears in Waka poetry as “golden-yellow.” In Europe, there is a golden-yellow associated with gold and sunflowers.

Meanings

The bright reddish yellow of the Japanese rose. In the Heian period (794 – 1185), it was used as a color in layered robes.

Essence

A healthy color like the sun. It is closely related to appetite and many foods are in this family.

How it’s Made

Created from plants and minerals. There are many kinds of minerals that have been used in paintings in particular.

Yellow-orange Used in Everyday Life

Yellow-orange     02

Yellow-orange Color Group

This cheerful golden-yellow color is like the sunflower, but there are also more austere colors such as khaki. Bright gold is a golden color.

Physiological Stimulus

It can increase the appetite and warm the heart.

Color Palettes Using Yellow-orange

[Merry]

An exciting image

[Active]

Close to sports. Represents a whole range of active behavior.

[Healthy]

A clean image with a good amount of energy.

[Impulse]

The state of receiving an instantaneous explosive stimulus.

[Sporty]

An image of lightness and movement. A pure color scheme.

[Hip-hop]

Fusion dance style.

[Fresh]

A state of freshness and vigor. It is fresh in a broad sense.

[Flamboyant]

It stands out and really catches people’s attention.

Yellow-orange     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

The power of yellow-orange is that the color itself gives a feeling of warmth. The larger the area, the greater the effect. It is suitable for both dark and bright color schemes.

Yellow-orange     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Of course, the sense of unity created by yellow-orange comes from the use of similar colors, but a sense of unity can also be created by expanding the range of hues. The healthy image of yellow-orange is strengthened.

Yellow-orange     05

– Emphasis –

Producing Accents

Effective as an accent color in color palettes with cobalt blue tones. It can also be used as an accent color in Japanese-style expressions that use indigo.

Chapter 2

How to Use Cool Colors

Whether the name “cool” is correct or not, the colors belonging to this category have a great impact on mental states and are essential for living and working environments. They are suitable for color schemes that help people relax and concentrate.

Blue     01

History • Meaning • Blue in Everyday Life

How to Use Blue

Blue, like red, is one of the most frequently used colors. Its purpose is to help people relax and relieve tension. Light blue is used for cleanliness, while dark blue is used for elegance.

Characteristics

Blue is a receding color and does not excite. Therefore, looking at it should not make you tired. It imparts a high level of trust.

History

In premodern Japan, the range of blue was wide and even included green. It was between red and white and was a companion of the black family.

Meanings

Blue has become a color that expresses youthfulness. It can even be a dark color, tending towards black or green.

Sky is Familiar Blue

Blue can be seen in the ocean and sky and it changes hues frequently. It is a familiar and well-liked color in nature.

How it’s Made

Blue was made from the Asiatic Dayflower and Japanese Indigo. Of course, it was also made from certain ores. Shellfish, insects, etc. were also used as raw materials.

Blue Used in Everyday Life

Blue     02

Blue Color Group

There are a great many types of blue. Many blues exist in nature, such as the sky and the sea.

Physiological Stimulus

Blue can help people relax and feel calmer.

Color Palettes Using Blue

[Tasteful]

Like fresh morning dew.

[Clean]

A sparkling and wholesome feeling

[Refreshing]

The perfect feeling of freshness after a shower.

[Cold]

Chilly and sterile

[Speedy]

Focused on speed. Quick, fast.

[Courtesy]

A sophisticated and gracious attitude.

[Cosmic]

An image of a far-off, infinite expanse.

[Steady]

Secure and straightforward

Blue     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Since blue is a receding color, it makes less of an impression than red, even when used in similar amounts. By using a slightly larger surface, you can create a blue dominant color scheme.

Blue     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Blue tonal colors are symmetrical over a fairly wide range, including blue-green and blue-violet. Unifying them with blue can produce tranquility and serenity.

Blue     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Blue is darker in luminosity and can be used to make brighter pieces stand out on their own. Even blue color schemes can be enhanced by differences in saturation and lightness.

Blue     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Blue is almost always the accent color in warm-toned scenes. It is especially effective when focusing on the complementary color, orange. Not just an accent color, it also tightens the image or pattern.

Blue     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Blue gives a sense of rhythm to bright or warm colored patterns. Of course, black and green can also create rhythm. Blue creates intellectual vibrations.

Blue     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

Blue is an emotionally friendly color. So, it is not difficult to express gentleness using blue. The effect can be enhanced by using images that have a gentleness to them.

Blue     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

Impact is meant to create a strong impression in the viewer. To create impact with blue, you need to increase the contrast between adjacent colors. Pure colors create impact.

Blue     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Blue has been used in painting, crafts, and architecture since premodern times. Some truly unique examples make use of blues.

Japanese Indigo     01

History • Meaning • Japanese Indigo in Everyday Life

How to Use Japanese Indigo

Japanese Indigo is the king of all herb dyeing. It was introduced to Japan from China. Since Japanese Indigo was originally the same as blue, its character is also similar. Note that a small amount of yellow is added to Japanese Indigo.

Characteristics

Japanese Indigo is a color that evokes a sense of calmness and serenity. It blends well with achromatic colors and has been used for kimonos. Indigo is also a member of this group. The name differs depending on the intensity of the color.

History

Japanese Indigo appears as part of everyday life in the Man’yāshū (Waka poetry, compiled 760). Its properties are almost identical to blue.

Meanings

The origin of the Japanese word for “indigo” is thought to come from the way plants grow in rows. It could also be related to sound.

Familiar Japanese Indigo

Japanese Indigo dye is made in a time-consuming process involving fermenting the leaves of the indigo plants for a period of time, after which they are added to wood ash and other substances, to create the dye.

How it’s Made

Indigo is not unique to Japan. The same is true for the color of jeans. It is found all over the world.

Japanese Indigo in Everyday Life

Japanese Indigo     02

Japanese Indigo Color Group

It is said that there are more than 48 different colors of Japanese Indigo, as the color varies during the dyeing process and with use.

Physiological Stimulus

Like blue, it relaxes people and creates a focused mind. It is characterized by a strong sense of trust.

Color Palettes Using Japanese Indigo

[Navy]

Established as a blue-based color for the Royal Navy.

[Tragic]

Somber and sad

[Official]

Authoritative and credible

[Masculine]

A solid, hard-edged scheme

[Excellent]

An image of intelligence and vitality.

[Futuristic]

An image of the future as an extension of reality.

[Sharp]

Image of something sharp. Expressed through the combination of shape and composition.

[Epoch]

A groundbreaking era. More peaceful and hopeful than a revolution.

Japanese Indigo     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Japanese Indigo is, in a sense, a subdued color. When you use Japanese Indigo as the main color, you should not put flashy colors around it. Combining Japanese Indigo with achromatic colors makes the best use of its characteristics.

Japanese Indigo     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

There are many different hues of Japanese Indigo itself, but when considered as a tonal color, Indigo includes blue, blue-green, and blue-violet. The unity of indigo brings out the beauty of its depth and complexity.

Japanese Indigo     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Japanese Indigo is good for enhancing other colors. It works well with both warm and cool colors. The effect of Japanese Indigo is to bring out a sense of depth.

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Japanese Indigo     06

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Since Japanese Indigo is a traditional color, it creates a progression that gives a sense of history. Even a small amount of indigo can be used in two or more places to create a sense of rhythm. It gives a sense of calmness and breath.

Japanese Indigo     07

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

It is not difficult to create a gentle image using Japanese Indigo. It goes well with quiet color images, partly because of its powerful, relaxing nature.

Japanese Indigo     08

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Japanese Indigo itself is a traditional color and is one of the most representative colors of Japanese style. It can be used to create austere color patterns or images. It also works well in combination with achromatic colors.

Blue-green     01

History • Meaning • Blue-green in Everyday Life

How to Use Blue-green

Blue-green combines the characteristics of blue and green. It is literally green with a blue tinge. It is refined and favored by everyone. It also has an intellectual glow.

Characteristics

Blue-green has low luminosity and a calm atmosphere. It is characterized by the fact that it gives the viewer a sense of sophistication. It also works well in combination with white and black.

History

The color of bronze ware was considered sacred in premodern times. Verdigris, the “rust” of copper, was often used in paintings.

Meanings

Buddhist statues dedicated to the gods were made of copper. Over time, they rust and verdigris covers the surface. This color transformation – copper red to green – was thought to be a sacred process.

Blue-green and Painting

Blue-green is an essential color in Japan. It is often used in Japanese painting, and natural mineral pigments – such as emerald malachite – were the most common.

How it’s Made

Emerald malachite and copper oxidize, and their “rust” is used to make a blue-green pigment. When emerald malachite is broken into small pieces, it becomes a white-green pigment.

Blue-green in Everyday Life

Blue-green     02

Blue-green Color Group

The blue-green family includes such captivating colors as green-blue, emerald green, and turquoise green.

Physiological Stimulus

Green’s stimulating effect is somewhat strong, and it can be invigorating and healing.

Color Palettes Using Blue-green

[Cool]

A cold-hearted image. A somewhat arid atmosphere.

[Modern]

Modern. Modern art movement style.

[Noble]

Meaning aristocratic or noble. Expresses good taste.

[Positive]

A state of active movement.

[Sharp]

Something sharp. Expressed through combinations of shape and composition.

[Epoch]

A groundbreaking era. More peaceful and hopeful than a revolution.

[Slender]

Lean and intellectual

[Excellent]

Vigorous and vibrant

Blue-green     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Blue-green is a quiet color. When used as the main color, expand the colored area or reduce the saturation of other colors. It is also good in combination with bright colors.

Blue-green     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

A color scheme based on similar colors. In the case of blue-green, you have to be especially careful that it does not appear subordinate to green and blue-violet. It is important to use a little more blue-green.

Blue-green     05

– Emphasis –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Blue-green complements warm colors. It is especially suitable for dull reds. It is important to note that blue-green has the role of enhancing other colors, so it should not be too conspicuous.

Blue-green     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Effective in patterns or combinations with similar colors, mainly reds, or with bright color schemes. The appeal of blue-green as an accent color is that it has an intelligent rather than stimulating quality.

Blue-green     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Blue-green luminosity is low, and it is only possible to create a sense of rhythm within a bright color scheme. Of course, if the surroundings are darker, a subtle sense of rhythm can be created.

Blue-green     08

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

The addition of blue-green to a reddish color scheme adds intensity and impact. When other colors have the same luminosity, they may blend in. So, make sure to create contrast.

Blue-violet     01

History • Meaning • Blue-violet in Everyday Life

How to Use Blue-violet

Blue-violet is actually cobalt blue. It has a somewhat aristocratic feel. The primary color is vivid and has been used in clothing and paintings. Be careful with contrasts in your color schemes.

Characteristics

Blue-violet is a color that has the properties of blue and purple. It goes well with greenish colors and can also be combined with flashy colors such as red. When combined with achromatic colors, the blue-violet nature of the color becomes even more appealing.

History

Blue-violet is also mentioned in stories from the Heian Period (497 – 1185). Because of its aristocratic connotations, it is also used in Buddhism.

Meanings

Blue-violet contains both blue and purple so it has more of a neutral feel then either alone.

Essence

Blue-violet is not only a color that evokes a sense of mystery, it is often used to express fantastical images and dreams.

How it’s Made

Blue-violet is mainly made from plants, but beautifully colored paints are made from ores such as lapis lazuli.

Blue-violet in Everyday Life

Blue-violet     02

Blue-violet Color Group

There are certain companion colors that span blue and purple. Those colors are: bellflower, violet, and iris.

Physiological Stimulus

It is a color that can make you feel mystical.

Color Palettes Using Red

[Hybrid]

A state whereby two or more things are fused together. Compound.

[Polished]

Polished, flawless.

[Valuable]

Extremely important.

[Homage]

Something you want to pay respect to.

[Mysterious]

Things that are impossible in everyday life. Things that are unthinkable by common sense.

[Exotic]

Foreign customs and manners.

[Luxurious]

Luxury. The feeling of an expensive environment.

[Futuristic]

An image of the future as an extension of reality.

Blue-violet     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

When blue-violet is the main color, the idea of something fantastical or mysterious is enhanced. It is lessened when surrounded by warm, vivid colors. It also works well in combination with achromatic colors.

Blue-violet     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

To create a sense of unity the color scheme should be tonal, but not overpowered by the blue and purple. It is only important that the blue-violet appear lively.

Blue-violet     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Blue-violet is complemented by warm colors, yellow in particular. Since they are complementary, they can stand out too much from each other. If this happens, add some achromatic colors between them.

Blue-violet     06

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

When you add rhythm to a warm, quiet, bright scene, it becomes more active. Rhythms in blue-violet can have a mystical feel. Be careful, large shapes can be too strong.

Blue-violet     07

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

Here again, companion colors that have a great impact are centered on yellow. If both sides are highly saturated, the impact will be very strong. To mitigate this, use blue-violet for the shadows.

Chapter 3

How to Use Intermediate Colors

The term “intermediate color” literally means a color that is between warm and cool. When paired with a warm color, its warm properties come out. When paired with cool, it will have cool characteristics. It changes depending on the color combination, so you need to check in advance if you want to use an intermediate color.

Green     01

History • Meaning • Green in Everyday Life

How to Use Green

Green is an effective color for giving the feeling of growth. Its properties are magnified when used in cool color schemes. In combination with warm colors, some conflict between the colors can occur.

Characteristics

Green is conducive to the idea of refreshment, but it is also suitable for environments where you do not want to feel hot or cold, i.e., workplaces. It is easy to combine green with cool and achromatic colors.

History

Green, referring to a youthful state, appears in the Man’yāshū. Be aware that in Japan, green is also called blue.

Meanings

The word comes from dyeing. It refers to the fresh color of tree bark, stripped and dyed into thread.

Symbol Color of Peace

Green points to safety. Plants are also recognized as the color of peace because of their ability to relax the mind.

How it’s Made

Chlorophyll from plants was often used. Powdered emerald malachite was used as a pigment in paintings.

Green Used in Everyday Life

Green     02

Green Color Group

Many companions to green are known. In Japan, deep green is most known, while in Europe, bright green comes to mind most often.

Physiological Stimulus

Greenery activates tired cells, thus providing a stimulus to the brain. This results in a soothing effect.

Color Palettes Using Green

[Ecological]

Earth-friendly and in harmony with nature.

[Endearing]

Expresses the loveliness and childishness of youth.

[Clear]

An image of clean, crisp air.

[Romantic]

Exciting, but soothing to the heart.

[Youthful]

Spontaneous and active.

[Joy]

Immensely happy. Also, happiness expressed with the body.

[Acrobatic]

Physical movements performed with the body.

[Excellent]

Well thought out. An image of intelligence.

Green     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Using green as the main color gives the impression of thriving nature. When combined with cold colors, the impression of growth is intensified. In combination with warm colors, an energetic atmosphere is created.

Green     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

It is common to see paintings that are painted only in green. This is a sign of the latent human desire for green. Even with blue included in the color scheme, you can still achieve uniformity.

Green     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Green is sub-optimal in warm colored scenes. It can be used to enhance other colors through activation of the complementary color effect. The basic rule here is that green should not stand out.

Green     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Green can be used as an accent color when the target scene or pattern is warm or bright. Green is also effective when the color scheme is lackluster. Green can revitalize an entire combination.

Green     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Rhythm is designed to break the stillness of a pattern. It is effective when the main color is red or red-violet, which are complementary to green. Or, when the scene has high brightness, green can give a sense of life.

Green     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

Green relieves stress, which is to say it is friendly to people. Combine green with color patterns that express gentleness. Green can produce a sense of calm.

Green     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

In the world of expression, impact on the viewer is important. With green, use either a color scheme that is brighter than green or a warm one with low saturation. Cold colors of the same luminosity are difficult.

Green     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Green’s wide tonal range has been used extensively in painting and dyeing. A painting cannot be made with only one color, but it can be made with shades of only one color. Traditionally, green has been expressed in various shades.

Yellow-green     01

History • Meaning • Yellow-green in Everyday Life

How to Use Yellow-green

Yellow-green is a color that can stimulate growth in animals. Of course, humans also benefit from it. Yellow-green is bright, with high attractiveness. It can create a youthful impression.

Characteristics

Yellow-green is highly attractive and can be distracting. In general, it is best to combine with similar colors. Combined with white, yellow-green gives off a clean feeling that stimulates appetite.

History

The name “yellow-green” is new, originally it was called “moegi-iro.” This refers to the youthfulness of fresh greens in spring. Moegi-iro appears in premodern stories.

Meanings

The term yellow-green does not have a deeper meaning, only that is a color between yellow and green. On the other hand, “moegi-iro” was derived from something that has significant meaning.

Yellow-green in Food

Yellow-green gives a very fresh feeling to food. It strongly associated with health and growth.

How it’s Made

Yellow-green often comes from vegetable dyes, while ores are used in paints. Some ores even contain yellow-green gems.

Yellow-green Used in Everyday Life

Yellow-green     02

Yellow-green Color Group

It is often called “green” in Japan, not “yellow-green” as we dare to call it. That being said, there are many types of yellow-green, and as a color it has a rich cultural history.

Physiological Stimulus

A bright image can promote growth through the secretion of growth hormone. There is no sense of calmness.

Color Palettes Using Yellow-green

[Reposeful]

A state of being that is at ease with everything.

[Clement]

Slow speed.

[Clear]

The image is of clean, crisp air.

[Clean]

A clean and hygienic expression.

[Bustling]

Lively and noisy.

[Street Fashion]

Fashionably active.

[Army]

Military-style action.

[Evolution]

Growth of a living thing.

Yellow-green     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Yellow-green is lighter than the middle of the spectrum, so it is difficult to make it the main color amidst brighter colors. If you want a greener feel, surround it with darker colors.

Yellow-green     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Yellow-green tonal colors include yellow and green. Yellow is the brightest and stands out the most, so pay attention to the scheme to help yellow-green dominate. Yellow-green as the main color creates a youthful image.

Yellow-green     05

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

When using yellow-green as an accent color, it is best if the scene is darker or warmer than yellow-green. If the scene has weak contrast, the accent will activate it.

Yellow-green     06

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

When creating rhythm with yellow-green, the darker the scheme, the clearer it will appear. If you want a bright feel, use a scheme closer to white. Yellow-green rhythms feel like a child jumping around energetically.

Purple     01

History • Meaning • Purple in Everyday Life

How to Use Purple

Purple is a very difficult color to use because it is both noble and unsettling. It can be used to create a sense of elegance and sophistication. It is a dark color, so it should not be combined with bright colors.

Characteristics

Purple is adjacent to ultraviolet light, which can sometimes cause anxiety and agitation. This is used to create fearful images. If you use small amounts, it will appear black, so be sure to spread the color out.

History

Purple was introduced from China and used for official positions in the 8th century. Gradually it took root among Japanese nobility.

Meanings

Purple is an uneven mixture of red and blue and, incredibly, Confucius was disgusted by it. But, in the end it came to be regarded as a noble color in both China and Japan.

Purple Dream

Purple has a fantastical quality about it and is used as a metaphor for dreams. Purple dreams are said to indicate a high level of artistry.

How it’s Made

Violet is a perennial herb that turns purple when its roots are dried. It is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Purple pigment is derived from the ore hematite.

Purple Used in Everyday Life

Purple     02

Purple Color Group

Purple has been used since ancient times, and there are many shades of purple and many different raw materials are used to make it. It has helped create a rich world of color.

Physiological Stimulus

Noradrenaline can be released depending on the level of purple stimulus. This will cause mood suppression.

Color Palettes Using Purple

[Hopeful]

Dreams for the future, a belief in possibilities.

[Elegant]

Gorgeous and elegant.

[Dressy]

Elegant attire.

[Esthetique]

A French term that refers to beauty care for the entire body.

[Deluxe]

Everything is the best. Expensive and luxurious.

[Coquettish]

Flirty and fun.

[Noble]

Aristocratic or noble. Expresses good taste.

[Dreamy]

Unrealistic and fanciful.

Purple     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Using purple as the main color means you are aiming for an aristocratic or fantastic atmosphere. Adjacent colors should be highly saturated to prevent the purple from becoming “dirty.”

Purple     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

The unified feel that purple can produce evokes a color scheme that includes reddish purple and bluish purple. Combining achromatic white and black also brings out the beauty of purple. Combining it with grayish colors creates elegance.

Purple     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Purple is very assertive despite its low luminosity. So, when complementing other colors, be careful not to make the purple stand out. If you place a color of the same luminosity near purple, it will be harmonious.

Purple     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Purple accent colors are effective in bright scenes. They take advantage of the darkness of purple and add a fantastic flavor to the image. If possible, use a color scheme centered on yellow-green.

Purple     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

Similar to music, rhythm in color is good at creating a sense of liveliness. The sense of rhythm in purple is characterized by a certain elegance.

Purple     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

Gentleness is purple’s most often sought-after attribute. Purple is especially suited to a noble atmosphere of gentleness. Of course, color images that combine with purple will also be gentle.

Purple     09

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Purple developed as a traditional color in Japan. Japanese style is not limited to the world of wabi-sabi of course, there is also the celebratory sacred world. Purple shines there too.

Chapter 4

How to Use Achromatic Colors

Achromatic colors have their own power in the world of colors. Black does not actually have any color, but its presence makes other colors come alive. Achromatic colors are important because they support other colors. The way you use them will affect your ability to create color schemes.

White     01

History • Meaning • White in Everyday Life

How to Use White

White is the light of the sun, the color that is the foundation of everything. The biggest advantage is that by adding white, you can make the other colors come alive.

Characteristics

White, like black, can make the most of any color. Even if the overall color scheme is lacking in liveliness, the addition of white can create a sudden sense of vitality. White can be a trump card.

History

With the birth of the universe, the white sun was born. It ruled all and led to the birth of all life. It has been treasured since ancient times.

Meanings

In Japan and China, black and white have the meaning of birth. They can be seen to be life itself.

All Colors are in Pure White

Pure white contains all colors. Because it is not nothing, something new is always born from it.

How it’s Made

Paint is made from ores and shells. There is also a way to make white by bleaching out unwanted colors.

White Used in Everyday Life

White     02

White Color Group

Whites differ slightly depending on their material, and the way they are perceived. White can be found in a wide range of materials like paper, paint, fabric and stone.

Physiological Stimulus

White is essential to human life because it possesses all the colors. It evokes ambition.

Color Palettes Using White

[Futuristic]

Looking forward with hope.

[Neat]

A pure and innocent atmosphere.

[Light]

A pragmatic state.

[Epoch]

Beginning of a new, innovative era.

[Modern]

Contemporary and aesthetic.

[Stylish]

A sense of vivacity and spirit of accomplishment.

[Navy]

An oceanic and disciplined feel.

[Official]

Style according to official tradition.

White     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

White has become a key color in our lives in general. To use white as the main color means to make the viewer aware of it. Make sure that the eye is drawn to white in small areas.

White     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

White’s tonal color would normally be achromatic or neutral, but in the world of color schemes, bright colors close to white can also be used. Producing a sense of unity through the use of white projects cleanliness and positive feelings.

White     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

Achromatic or neutral colors have the power to make chromatic colors stand out. White, in particular, objectively allows the chromatic colors over it to appear. Any color that is adjacent to white will reveal its properties.

White     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

There is no color brighter than white. Even white light can be taken to be the brightest color. This means that any shade of white can be used as an accent.

White     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

There are no schemes brighter than white, so it is easy to add rhythm to a pattern by creating dynamism within it. The darker the combination, the stronger the sense of rhythm.

White     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

White is like a deity and has a certain holiness. White alone has a tenderness that resembles compassion, and brighter overall images can emphasize that tenderness.

White     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

White’s high luminosity can create a high-contrast effect, thus producing a strong stimulus. The stimulus comes from the contrast, so consciously place dark colors next to the white.

White     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

In Japan, white has been specifically used in architecture and kimonos because it represents birth and sanctity. White is one of the earliest known colors and is therefore also one of the most familiar.

Black     01

History • Meaning • Black in Everyday Life

How to Use Black

Black, like white, helps chromatic colors. It goes well with all colors, so you do not have to worry about color combinations. While that is useful, be careful not to use it too much or you will end up with undistinguished color schemes.

Characteristics

In the RGB model, black is basically where the three primary colors (RGB) go to zero. It is favored by many people because of its lack of stimulation. When used effectively, it serves to tighten patterns.

History

In Japan, black has been used for sacred objects since ancient times. Black and white curtains were used for celebrations.

Meanings

Black is the generic name for dark colors. In Europe, it was considered bad luck, but in Japan, the opposite was true.

Auspicious Color

Black, along with white, is the color of celebration. As a matter of fact, weddings used to be all in black, with white as an accent.

How it’s Made

Originally ink was made from cinder or ashes, but then later soot was used. Ink is one of the foundations of Chinese and Japanese culture.

Black Used in Everyday Life

Black     02

Black Color Group

Black is not only a color, but also a word. Black’s companions include not just designations for objects but also for space and spirit.

Physiological Stimulus

Black has an RGB value of zero, so there is no physiological stimulation. That is why it is a relaxing color!

Color Palettes Using Black

[Cool-headed]

Calm and thoughtful.

[Simple]

No frills, no waste.

[Street Fashion]

Active and fashionable.

[Intense]

Explosive and stimulating, with a strong impression.

[Avant-garde]

Advancing. An Aesthetic atmosphere.

[Deluxe]

Luxury and glamour.

[Full]

Fulfilling, satisfying.

[Sharp]

Well-honed, keen.

Black     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

There is no color darker than black. But when it is the main color, try to avoid placing dark colors around it as this will weaken its effect.

Black     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Color schemes that consist of tonal colors similar to black create a calm atmosphere. While it is easy to use black as the main color, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to show individuality.

Black     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

What black does best is to enhance other colors. It goes well with any color and makes them sparkle. Even dull colors can be beautifully represented if black is placed next to them.

Black     06

– Contrast –

Producing Accents

Black is also effective when used as an accent. It can be used in almost any color scheme, but the effect is enhanced if the pattern or scene is bright. Black accents also bring a sense of tension.

Black     07

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm

The sense of rhythm created by black is similar to that created by shading. With rhythm, silhouettes will feel like they are jumping around. You can create a sense of rhythm with almost any color image that includes black.

Black     08

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

Creating tenderness with black is the most difficult. Black inevitably brings out more strength than gentleness. Using a small amount, or a gentle color image, is the best way to soften it.

Black     09

– Multiple Colors –

Producing Dynamic Effects

Black is best used to create impact. When paired with brighter or more saturated colors, the contrast is enhanced, and the impact is stronger. Black gives a sense of three-dimensionality.

Black     10

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

In Japan, the first colors that people were aware of were red, white, blue, and black. That is why black as a traditional color is so sophisticated. It is essential in the world of lacquerware. Urushi (lacquer) black is considered true black.

Ash     01

History • Meaning • Ash in Everyday Life

How to Use Ash

As a color, the term “gray” is more familiar than “ash.” However, the Japanese have always loved this “ash.” This very same ash is what connects opposing colors.

Characteristics

As an achromatic or neutral color, it can be paired with anything. It prevents the whole scheme from becoming distracting. Some people dislike it, but it serves an important function as a color.

History

Ash was not remarked upon until the Heian period (794 – 1185). That taste was recognized and loved in the 17th century.

Meanings

First, the word “ash” refers to cinders and a loss of energy. Later, the Japanese found beauty in the subtlety ash.

Charm of Ash

Landscape painting, which began in China, belongs to the world of ash. There is a high level of artistry in ink shading.

How it’s Made

In the Heian period (794 – 1185), Japanese Suman (gobaishi) was used to dye things black. It was also used to make “tooth black” (a form of makeup to blacken teeth), but it was diluted to make ash.

Ash Used in Everyday Life

Ash     02

Ash Color Group

Some ash is mouse gray with subtle shades. During the Edo period (1603 – 1868) in particular, many different types were used to make subtle textures in kimonos and pottery.

Physiological Stimulus

Ash is achromatic and does not cause a lot of excitement. It produces a sense of familiarity.

Color Palettes Using Ash

[Steady]

Honesty and seriousness.

[Mechanical]

Regularity. Also, rigidness.

[Dignified]

Prestige and elegance.

[Mysterious]

Wonder and mystery.

[Quiet]

Calm and collected.

[Classic]

Classical artistry, richness.

[Calm]

Stable and harmonious.

[Serious]

Earnest and thoughtful.

Ash     03

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses

Ash is calming when used on a large area, like an urban building. Ash is compatible with any color scheme. Light ash is pretty and dark ash expresses depth.

Ash     04

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel

Achromatic color schemes produce images like those found in Chinese ink painting landscapes. If you add even a hint of color, the effect is immediately delicate and tasteful. Use more ash to make things stand out.

Ash     05

– Secondary –

Making Other Colors Stand Out

One characteristic of ash is its ability to bring out colors in the best way. If you take advantage of this, you can create a comfortable atmosphere.

Ash     06

– Image –

Producing Gentleness

Ash that is lighter than its companion colors has a gentleness to it, and when combined with a quiet image, can create an extraordinary calmness. Mid-range ash is flexible enough to work with any color image.

Ash     07

– Japanese Style –

Creating Traditional Japanese Combinations

Ash, regardless of its shade, has long been used in Japanese life because it gives a sense of subtle change in brightness not found in chromatic colors. It also has the ability to blend in with highly saturated colors.

Chapter 5

How to Use Gold and Silver

A fascination with metals has existed since ancient times. With the acquisition of metal came the possibility for elaborate tools and massive structures. Gold and silver were, of course, particularly special and they have not lost their powers of attraction.

Gold     01

History • Meaning • Gold in Everyday Life

How to Use Gold

As gold does not rust, it possesses a sense of eternity, and has been revered as a symbol of the wish for immortality. Gold absorbs wavelengths of about 550nm or less, so it appears as a warm color with longer wavelengths.

Characteristics

In general, metals absorb the outer edges of UV light and reflect all other colors, resulting in white. Gold, copper, and others, when shifting towards red, produce a feeling of warmth.

History

Gold has been precious since premodern times because its luster never fades. It was used as an offering to the gods and as a talisman.

Meanings

It has the meaning of shining brightly in the earth, which is said to give a sense of eternity.

Symbol of Authority

King’s crowns are almost always made of gold. It is also used in buildings and ornaments because it gives a sense of authority.

How it’s Made

Gold is made from ore or gold sand. Gold leaf and gold powder are typical examples. Gold powder can be used for gold paint.

Gold Used in Everyday Life

Gold     02

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses of Gold

The charm of gold is that it brightens people’s lives. Used on its own, it can be an expression of luxury. When using gold as the main color, the area should be large, or it should be combined with darker colors.

Silver     03

History • Meaning • Silver in Everyday Life

How to Use Silver

If gold is yang, silver is yin. Gold has long represented the sun, and silver the moon. The charm of silver is not its flashy shine, but rather its clean and invigorating aura.

Characteristics

Silver, like most metals, has a white coloration. This makes it refreshing and it goes well with chromatic colors. Actually, it can be used in combination with any other color.

History

Silver was another metal that humans coveted early. Its more subtle shine was favored for its intellectual image.

Meanings

The kanji radical “gin” means “the same as” and is found on the left side of “kin” or gold. In other words, silver can be seen to have the same value as gold.

Symbol of Authority

Silver has also been used as a symbol of authority. From the beginning it was a color worn by those with status, such as royalty, who used it in their crowns.

How it’s Made

Silver is extracted from ore. Silver coloring can also be found in aluminum foil. Oxidized silver can be made using black ink.

Silver Used in Everyday Life

Silver     04

– Emphasis –

Prominent Uses of Silver

Silver is used in the same way as white and ash. The difference between silver and white is that silver has a metallic luster. Silver is often mixed with cold colors to create an intellectual feel.

Gold     05

– Gentle –

Producing Elegance Using Gold

The power of gold expresses elegance when mixed with dark or light colors. When combined in this way, a certain sense of refined taste is enhanced.

Gold     06

– Volume –

Producing Extravagance Using Gold

Gold is inherently luxurious, but its characteristics can be magnified by mixing it with darker colors. That being said, if too much is used, it just becomes glittery.

Silver     07

– Gentle –

Producing Elegance Using Silver

Silver evokes more of a sense of dignity than gold. Blend with darker colors for a noble appearance, or with lighter colors for a refreshing formality.

Silver     08

– Volume –

Producing Extravagance Using Silver

It is not as flashy as gold, but its luster creates a luxurious aura. It can be mixed with darker colors to create a more dazzling image.

Gold     09

– Delicate –

Producing Gracefulness Using Gold

Gold creates a dynamic that, when used delicately, expresses an exquisite elegance. Note that it should always be laid down in fine patterns.

Gold     10

– Pale –

Producing Adorableness Using Gold

The clarity of gold goes well with pretty color images. It is important not to use it too boldly or widely. Try to use thin lines. Fine patterns are best.

Silver     11

– Delicate –

Producing Gracefulness Using Silver

Silver’s innocence and purity can be fully utilized to create fine details. A cool image, or a mixture of cooler colors, will strengthen the gracefulness.

Silver     12

– Pale –

Producing Adorableness Using Sliver

Naturally, rhythmic and detailed color schemes, not just of silver, create a sense of cuteness. The basic idea is not to rely on color alone, but to make the patterns and other elements lovely.

Gold     13

– Profound –

Producing Profoundness Using Gold

Gold never feels heavy because of its luster. The preconceived notion that metal is heavy makes it seem so. It is the colors surrounding gold that create the feeling of heaviness. Dark colors are often used.

Gold     14

– Simple –

Producing Refinement Using Gold

Gold is bright like the sun, but elegance is difficult to create using gold alone. It depends on the shape and composition. In general, symmetry will produce the desired sense of refinement.

Silver     15

– Profound –

Producing Profoundness Using Silver

If you reduce silver’s shine, it is easier to create a solemn look. Normally, use a dark color as the base and then add in small areas of silver.

Chapter 6

How to Use Neon Red and Neon Pink

Neon colors are similar to colored light because their colors act almost like diffuse reflections. This makes them shine and stand out. Color saturation is extremely high, thus strongly stimulating the viewer. They are fun colors that can make the viewer’s head spin.

Neon Red     01

– Attract Attention –

Characteristics of Neon Red

Neon red has the power to attract the eye, even from a distance. It is selfish but energetic and can make people feel good. It is best to learn the basics of how to handle neon colors first.

Neon Red     02

– Energy –

Prominent Uses of Neon Red

Red is so explosive that it can even destroy its own form. As with all neon colors, the ratio is important. Less than a third of the composition is most suitable.

Neon Pink     03

– Sweet –

Characteristics of Neon Pink

A neon pink color scheme can be perceived as sweet. Neon pink is quite strong, so the key is to use other colors to control it.

Neon Pink     04

– Charming –

Prominent Uses of Neon Pink

Pink is all about cuteness. Using it as the main color means bringing this cuteness to the forefront. The key is to use a color scheme with achromatic colors.

Neon Red     05

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel Using Neon Red

There is no unity among neon colors. Monochromatic colors also present difficulties. Choose colors that are tonal, but make them pure colors for an active impression and dark colors for a calming effect.

Neon Red     06

– Freshness –

Creating Patterns with Neon Red

Patterns using neon colors will make the neon stand out. Therefore, it is important to use neon colors in areas where they actually can stand out. Neon reds are gorgeous and are suitable for decoration.

Neon Pink     07

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel Using Neon Pink

Pink is in the red family. You can create a sense of accord with pink, but you can also create a sense of unity with browns, etc. Combining pink with warm colors also leads to a sense of harmony.

Neon Pink     08

– Freshness –

Creating Patterns with Neon Pink

The intense glow of pink is first among neon colors. In patterns, no matter how little is used, it will sparkle. It is flashy, but also pretty.

Neon Red     09

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm Using Neon Red

Unlike pink, neon red has a certain calmness to it. However, it is still neon, and even a small amount of repetition can create a very stimulating effect.

Neon Red     10

– Contrast –

Producing Accents Using Neon Red

Neon red stands out on its own and can be used as an accent color regardless of the overall contrast of the scene or the pattern. As with chromatic reds, a small amount is enough to invigorate any scheme.

Neon Pink     11

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm Using Neon Pink

Pink is so bright and saturated that even a dot stands out. Separating two dots can create rhythm. Actually, this can create a mischievous, exciting rhythm throughout any pattern.

Neon Pink     12

– Contrast –

Producing Accents Using Neon Pink

Regardless of shade or brightness, neon pink can be used as an accent color. It has the greatest effect on darker, cooler schemes. A small amount is enough to activate it.

Neon Red     13

– Traditional –

Producing a Joyful Feeling Using Neon Red

Red is originally a color of celebration, but neon red produces a particularly cheerful and lively feel. Red’s natural ability to excite people is amplified to create flashy and dynamic images.

Neon Red     14

– Splendor –

Creating Celebratory Images Using Neon Red

Red is an essential color for anything related to celebration. The basic combination of red and white is enough to create a festive mood, but you can add bright colors to make a scene even more cheerful.

Neon Pink     15

– Traditional –

Producing a Joyful Feeling Using Neon Pink

Pink’s softness is due to its physiological stimulation. It can be used to its fullest to create gentleness and congratulations.

Chapter 7

How to Use Neon Yellow and Neon Green Colors

Even if a color is neon, its original properties remain the same. Yellow is particularly bright and conspicuous. It is often used together with pink. Green is associated with growth and refreshment. The effect is to make things much more noticeable.

Neon Yellow     01

– Bright –

Characteristics of Neon Yellow

Yellow has the highest brightness, but neon yellow is even brighter and more radiant. It can make people more cheerful than the yellow of the standard color palette.

Neon Yellow     02

– Lively –

Prominent Uses of Neon Yellow

Neon yellows are bright and have a light-like glow. When used as the main color, this glow should be utilized. Note that the effect varies depending on whether it is used with light or dark colors.

Neon Green     03

– Growth –

Characteristics of Neon Green

Neon green has the same refreshing effect as green. Conversely, due to its high brightness, looking at it for a long time may cause fatigue. It is suitable for creating a lively effect.

Neon Green     04

– Healing –

Prominent Uses of Neon Green

At a distance, neon green does not pop as much as yellow or pink. However, green, along with red, is the most eye-catching color combination and can be used to attract attention.

Neon Yellow     05

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel Using Neon Yellow

Neon yellows are very noticeable. To create a sense of unity, use mainly yellow tones. Surprisingly though, achromatic or neutral colors can be effective in reducing its prominence.

Neon Yellow     06

– Freshness –

Creating Patterns with Neon Yellow

When using neon yellow as a pattern, take advantage of its brightness. When combined with darker colors, it appears to shine. And when combined with brighter colors, it appears to float.

Neon Green     07

– Similar Color –

Producing a Unified Feel Using Neon Green

To create a sense of unity with neon green, it is of course suitable to use green tones. But it also works well with blue tones. Neon green brings the feeling of flourishing to the forefront.

Neon Green     08

– Freshness –

Creating Patterns with Neon Green

Patterns made with green give off the “scent” of plants. In neon schemes, it can be effective to use uncommon color combinations. In particular, green can be used with complementary colors to create a fresh effect.

Neon Yellow     09

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm Using Neon Yellow

Rhythm gives the viewer a thrill and sense of excitement. Yellow’s rhythm is accompanied by a sense of joy. When combined with dark colors, yellow seems to jump around.

Neon Yellow     10

– Contrast –

Producing Accents Using Neon Yellow

All neon colors are highly effective as accent colors. Yellow is particularly bright and really attracts the eye. It gives vitality to color schemes with chromatic colors.

Neon Green     11

– Movement –

Producing Rhythm Using Neon Green

If you use neon green to create rhythm, the image is that of new buds blowing and swaying in the spring wind. This differs from a dynamic color scheme, which is more like dance.

Neon Green     12

– Contrast –

Producing Accents Using Neon Green

Green is often used as an accent color in red color schemes, which are complementary. Although green is not very bright, neon colors stand out and make accents easy.

Gradation Charts

The gradation effect is useful for creating a sense of depth and three-dimensionality.

Afterword

I started studying color in my third year of high school. I was influenced early on by my uncle Hiroshi Oochi, a world-famous graphic designer who laid the foundation for color education in Japan. I was allowed to participate in my uncle’s laboratory where he provided a specialized education in color, and I remember that I had to complete tough assignments. I am truly grateful to my uncle for helping me to systematize digital color. My uncle tried to explain the use of color as scientifically as possible. He believed that we cannot acquire the skills to master colors through sensory explanations alone.

This thought process is incorporated into my systematization of digital colors. We made this book so it would be possible to understand the use of colors through samples. Through the application of the digital color image charts, not only do you get beautiful color schemes, you also get a useful dictionary.

For several years I, along with my staff, have been searching for a book that properly describes the relationship between color and image. Simply put, it might just be that designers are often perplexed by the proper use of color. Taking this theory into consideration, we were able to create a system that allows the reader to pull out color schemes and their associated images by primary color, like a dictionary.

In a certain sense, this is a book that has not been seen up to now, and I believe that it will be useful to anyone who uses color in their life. I would like to thank my coworker, Akiko Gomi, for her dedication to the creation process. Also, thanks go to Rinako Saotome, who did the illustrations while on maternity leave. To my former student, Keiko Toku, who supported me until I could get this book published, I owe a debt of gratitude. And of course, as always, I would like to thank Mari Nagai from Graphic-sha for all the kind help.

     Haruyoshi Nagumo

Author Profile

Haruyoshi Nagumo

Born in Tokyo in 1944. Graduated from Kanazawa Collage of Art majoring in Industrial Design. While currently teaching design, he is also active as a graphic designer. He has developed a new color system based on his research on design theory and studies regarding the technology of color representation.

He established Harumeji Inc in 1990, and is involved in wide range of design activities, mainly strategic planning, as well as planning and production. Nagumo also has lectured widely in the following areas: corporate training for sales promotion, design, contemporary art, expression techniques, colors, and conceiving ideas.

For corporate users of Color Image Chart The Color Image Chart complies with international standards and is used globally, including in China. It helps to prevent miscommunications rooted in color schemes.

At Present: Director at Harumeji Inc.

Professor Emeritus at Digital Hollywood University

Director of a Leading Color Research Laboratory at Digital Hollywood University

Professor at the Communication University of China, Shanghai Conservatory of Music

Chairman of the Japan Color Image Association

International Color Image Association

Publisher: Amy Barrett-Daffin

Creative Director: Gailen Runge

Acquisitions Editor: Roxane Cerda

English Edition Cover Designer: April Mostek

Published by C&T Publishing, Inc., P.O. Box 1456, Lafayette, CA 94549

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